Articles from 2024

The Business Value of A/B Testing

Value of AB Testing

Several charges are commonly thrown at A/B testing while considering it or even after it has become standard practice in a company. They may come from product teams, designers, developers, or management, and can be summed up like this: A good way to address these and to make the business case for experimentation is to […] Read more…

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A Comprehensive Guide to Observed Power (Post Hoc Power)

Comprehensive Guide to Observed Power

“Observed power”, “Post hoc Power”, and “Retrospective power” all refer to the statistical power of a statistical significance test to detect a true effect equal to the observed effect. In a broader sense these terms may also describe any power analysis performed after an experiment has completed. Importantly, it is the first, narrower sense that […] Read more…

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What if the Observed Effect is Smaller Than the MDE?

Observed Effect vs MDE

The above is a question asked by some practitioners of A/B testing, as well as a number of their clients when examining the outcome of an online controlled experiment. It may be raised regardless if the outcome is statistically significant or not. In both cases the fact the observed effect in an A/B test is […] Read more…

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Using Observed Power in Online A/B Tests

Observed Power in AB Testing

Observed power, often referred to as “post hoc power” and “retrospective power” is the statistical power of a test to detect a true effect equal to the observed effect size. “Detect” in the context of a statistical hypothesis test means to result in a statistically significant outcome. Some calculators aimed at A/B testing practitioners use […] Read more…

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Stop AbUsing the Mann-Whitney U Test (MWU)

Mann-Whitney-U Test

The Mann Whitney U Test (MWU), also known as the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test and the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon Test, continues to be advertised as the go-to test for analyzing non-normally distributed data. In online experimentation it is often touted as the most suitable for analyses of non-binomial metrics with typically non-normal (skewed) distributions such as average […] Read more…

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